To be clear there isn't a study done on bouncy balls that I know of (there probably is, I didn't look it up), just based on more fundamental science: in terms of physical adaptation there is pretty much no way to increase either neural or muscular development without an increasing intensity of stimulus, which balancing on a ball will not allow you to do. You will probably gain a small amount of both for the first week or two, but then, absent of increasing stress, your body will stop needing to adapt and stabilize.