I'm confused how someone who makes 250k-1.2million in income, could be crushed by student loans. Are you telling me there are an appreciable number of people with student loans of several million?
Well if you consider 4 years undergrad, 4 years medschool (medschools offer no aid and routinely cost 70-95k a year), 4 years residency, 3 years fellowship it can add up (you're not making too much in residency/fellowship). Additionally this would be basically your entire twenties so if you made an effort to have friends or get married (possibly have a kid) you'd be in even more trouble. Assuming a generous starting salary of 320k for some higher end specialty if you're getting taxed at nearly 50% of total income, leaving 160k take home, it would be a pretty poor ROI and you could be nearly a half million in debt.
I assume the low capital gains tax is because the money is 'at risk' in the market, but for professions with long expensive educations - the risk is in the time and money investment up front. Additionally doctors/lawyers are more likely to actually spend their money locally to buy and fund local business since they're not moving around millions of dollars or just leaving their wealth in the market - taxing them harder just means they won't pay local contractors to have an addition on their house and they'll pay taxes instead.