It was also caught during progressive rollout, i.e. it never affected anyone who had disabled "studies" in their preferences.

I litterally gained one hour off my charged battery when I switched these two settings off, just a week ago, and I keep my browser up to date. So not for me.

On an 80wh battery, say you go from 7hrs to 8hrs, so- 10wh saved over 8hrs. Thats a 1.125watt difference.

I propose the below as various factors that can be larger:

Slower fan speed because of lower ambient temperature.

Different dark/light ratio and/or adaptive screen brightness.

Wifi spectrum congestion, variable power levels to maintain proper SNR.

Wifi/ethernet- broadcast packets.

The list goes on. Most of these are below a watt, but demonstrate the point that you've got a lot more variables than just one setting in a browser.

You sound like 1.125 watts is insignificant to a laptop, but my laptop idles around 6 watts and it is currently using 8 watts since I've got some stuff running. Shaving off 1.125 watts is a 14-19% improvement.

The point is that the shaving might not be due to the firefox variable changes, but rather to other environmental differences.

Exactly. And honestly- the screen is way way more than 1watt. According to RAPL power, a USB-PD power analyzer- changing the brightness on my 15" 4k OLED laptop screen can reduce power usage by 15-20W. The nature of OLED makes it hard to get a clear picture.