The only reason why "another client" can exist is due to limitations of the Internet itself.
If you could ensure that the web server can only be accessed by your client, you would do that, but there is no way to do this that can't be reverse-engineered.
Essentially your argument is that just because a door is open that means you're allowed to enter inside, and I don't believe that makes any sense.
The argument is that what you call "limitations of the Internet itself" is actually a feature, and an intended one at that. The state of things you're proposing is socially undesirable (and in many cases, anticompetitive). It's hard to extend analogies past this point, because the vision you're describing flies in the face of more fundamental social norms, and history of civilization in general.
It's not a limitation of the internet, it's a fundamental property of communication.
Imagine trying to validate that all letters sent to your company are written by special company-provided typewriters and you would run into the same fundamental limits.
Whenever you design any client/server architecture, the first rule should always be "never trust the client," for that very reason.
Rather than trying to work around that rule, put your effort into ensuring that the system is correct and resilient even in the face of malicious clients.
That endpoint will be expensive regardless of whether it's your own app or a third party that's calling it too often, so design it with that in mind.
Your app isn't special, it's just another client. Treat it that way.