Are you speaking hypothetically or from your own experience? The sentiment analysis is a thing, and it mostly works – I have tested it with satisfactory results on sample datasets. It is relatively easy to extract the emotional context from a corpus of text, less so when it comes to resumes due to their inherently more condensed content. Which is precisely why I mentioned ethical considerations in my previous response. With the extra effort and fine tuning, it should be possible to overcome most of the false negatives though.
Sure AI can detect emotional tones (being positive, being negative, even sarcasm sometimes) in writing, so if you mean something like detecting negativity in a resume so it can be thrown immediately in the trash, then I agree that can work. Any negative emotionality is always a red-flag.
But insofar as detecting lies in sentences, that simply cannot be done, because even if it ever did work the failure rate would still be 99%, so you're better off flipping a coin.