The moral here seems to be that people will not switch to "the same but better/cheaper". As a consequence, being competitive does not work.
To what extent is this an indictment of capitalism and/or free market ideology?
The linked Thiel speech video is interesting. It says that the aim of a capitalist is not to compete, but to create a monopoly. This is starkly against the interests of the consumer, and we see the results of that today with the enshittification of modern tech.
Are we at a stage where the capitalist elites themselves are freely admitting that the system works for them and against the general public?
It isn't an indictment of any philosophy or ideology, it's an indictment of the thinness of the analysis that says anything is the "same but better/cheaper". It's never the same. PyPy is not Python, for instance. There's always expenses on the ground that weren't visible from the 30,000 foot view.
One of the problems that arise from things that try to be the same is that by definition the value of switching can't be that great. So it doesn't really take much cost to derail the process. Things that are radically different may have significant advantages that make it worthwhile. If you are going to make something "the same" it needs to be very very the same. Such things do sometimes happen, e.g., the competitive for-pay JVM space.
This is true for things like programming languages and runtimes, which are always intrinsically huge. It doesn't apply to which brand of bottled water you may prefer because those are quite interchangeable for no cost.
This is one of the reasons business people are always interested in the features that differentiate their product. If you want someone to pay the cost to switch you need to bring them something more than just "it works as well", in general.
> There's always expenses on the ground that weren't visible from the 30,000 foot view.
I think this is almost what the article's saying, but not quite. The point is that even if you do make something exactly the same but better than a canonical product, you're then trapped into playing catch-up with all developments in the canonical product, and have little to no directional control.
> It doesn't apply to which brand of bottled water you may prefer because those are quite interchangeable for no cost.
You might be right, but I can see analagous arguments applying even to the bottled water space. Imagine I create something that is "Evian but cheaper". When Evian adds a feature such as reducing the amount of plastic per bottle cap, or improving its mineral content, I have to match it in order to keep growing.
I agree that I'm saying something the article isn't quite saying.
I've been grappling with similar questions for a while. I've been focusing less on the nominal replacements like the author did, and looking more at our general inability to create a programming language that is "like" another language, but just generally improved. C++ is almost literally the last example that really took off. Python 3 was something like what I'm talking about, and while Python survived Python 3, I'm not sure I can call it a success.
But we could really use "like X but modern" in quite a few places. I'd love to see a modern dynamic scripting language that is a lot like the current ones, but, for instance, was designed from day to work with threading somehow. In this case I'm not referencing async versus thread debates, I'm not talking about how it gets exposed to the users, I'm talking about the difficult that 10-20 year old scripting languages still have to this day using multiple processors in any reasonable way. And maybe we've learned we can get most of the benefits of dynamic scripting languages without quite being as dynamic as the current crop is, so maybe instead of a 10-40x slowdown we could be looking at another 2 or 3 speed increase over the current crop with only minimal feature loss. And a few other things.
Various such languages arguably exist, but they are starved of oxygen.
As for the bottled water point, if you look with sufficient detail you can eventually figure out why this Evian bottle is better for you than that one. No two things are identical. But if you can't how the differences between two brands of bottled water and two entire language implementations are a sufficient difference in quantity to be a difference in quality... several times over, honestly... I don't really know what to say.
I believe that author is just pessimistic. There are plenty of examples where alternative implementation won. Sometimes to the point that the original isn't even remembered anymore.
It's hard to be so much better that old users will want to switch. But once you are that much better, you steal all the users of the competition. So, it could be worth a try, if you believe you can be that much better. (The original UNIX and a bunch of stuff related to it, s.a. compilers, editors etc. many of which found their reimplementations in Linux).
But, not only that. Some projects live well in the shadow of the "canonical" twin. Take Cassandra and Scylla. The later is alive and well, even though may not be as popular as the former.
Speaking of Python. Anaconda Python is an alternative distribution of python.org Python. They aren't going to steal the spotlight from the "canonical" Python any time soon, but they won't go away either because of some compelling features their competition doesn't offer.
Honestly. I don't believe there's a pattern. The deeper problem here that I see is the lack of competition. The fact that every company is trying to build something that isn't an alternative, but a different thing altogether leads to all the different variants of what would've been essentially the same thing being garbage: because nobody has the capacity for substantial development and testing.
We have hundreds of thousands custom-made e-commerce shops, all of which suck. Having e-commerce shop makers compete in the same category rather than each in the category of their own would've created a high standard for user experience of shopping online.
That is not capitalism that is state socialism aka fascism , as a state is required to enforce a monopoly. Being rich does not make him smart or correct.
That might be correct when it comes to an strict monopoly where a state provides exclusive rights to one company. Thiel is talking more loosely about tech firms with large market shares such as Google or Microsoft. Such corporations typically maintain their market share through a mixture of mergers & acquisitions, product bundling, consumer manipulation, and government lobbying. Only the last of these requires a state. Similar arguments apply to other industries with a small number of large-market-share players, such as oil, airlines, music eventing etc... . A lot of these industries operate at a global level, without being dependent on regulations from any individual state. See for example: https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Opinion/2015/03/26/The-Kraft-He...
To what extent is this an indictment of capitalism and/or free market ideology?
The linked Thiel speech video is interesting. It says that the aim of a capitalist is not to compete, but to create a monopoly. This is starkly against the interests of the consumer, and we see the results of that today with the enshittification of modern tech.
Are we at a stage where the capitalist elites themselves are freely admitting that the system works for them and against the general public?