You would cover all of that material in an intro to digital logic course (no prereqs). I found it a very enjoyable topic to learn. I don't think it would be too difficult to learn on your own. I would try to find a course that included a lab component, testing things out on a bread board is very fun. Sole caveat; debugging circuits can be a challenge if you don't have anyone to help and you're learning.
You say "no prereqs" but I can assure you, it takes more than a single intro course to go from "I don't know what programming is, or the difference between voltage and current" to understanding a microcontroller at a logic gate level.
Re-read the list of topics that person provides. They are all authentically covered in a single no pre-reqs course. I took an 'Intro To Digital Logic" course a couple years ago hence my confidence about this.
