I have been wanting something like you describe for forever. Honestly, the closest thing that I've found to this that works-out-the-box is Crostini in ChromeOS. I don't love ChromeOS, but if I started building what you're looking for, I'd look at Crostini for inspiration.

Crostini can spawn gui apps through Wayland instead of pure X. That takes effort and I wish they would contribute it back.