That's an interesting question, because it has a few assumptions baked into it. I'd love to write a long eassy on that right now, but I don't really have time. But to answer the core question, one good place to start familiarizing oneself with the various schemas that are available is:

https://schema.org/docs/schemas.html

There's also a lot of good information at

http://linkeddata.org/guides-and-tutorials

although I fear that site doesn't get as much love / attention as it should, and some of the links might be stale.