All these papers miss the fact that our main evidence for dark matter (or something like it) is the cosmic microwave background. I see no mention on how this very convoluted model can reproduce it.
The evidence is in the oscillations of the primordial plasma seen directly in the CMB. These come from the gravity pulling the plasma and pressure pushing back. Without DM they would be too shallow, DM helps by pulling the plasma gravitationally without opposing the fall with pressure of its own.
“ All these papers miss the fact that our main evidence for dark matter (or something like it) is the cosmic microwave background. ”
There is also the galactic rotation curve evidence. With Newtonian physics, the visible mass in galaxies should rotate faster toward the center and slower toward the edge. This is the rotation curve. We actually observe a very linear curve, where the outer stars and gases rotate at the same speed or even faster than the centers. A dark matter halo would provide the additional gravitational mass for cohesion.
Could this mass or gravitational impact be outside the expanding bubble of spacetime? If we are in a hole inside a block of swiss cheese, is there a way to determine if we are seeing the effects of the surrounding "cheese"?
Imagine our expanding universe to be inside a black hole. Could the "dark matter halo" be energy/matter dumped into our universe from an external source? Is the expansion of the universe actually our universe growing due to consuming its surroundings?
>All these papers miss the fact that our main evidence for dark matter (or something like it) is the cosmic microwave background. I see no mention on how this very convoluted model can reproduce it.
I am not an astronomer, but IIUC (and I may not), the first evidence for dark matter was posited by Fritz Zwicky[0] in 1933 based on the rotational velocities of galaxies, work by Vera Rubin[1] confirmed Zwicky's hypothesis in more detail decades later.
Since then Rubin's work has repeatedly been confirmed.
And while Penzius and Wilson "discovered" the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) a few years before Rubin published her data, (again, IIUC) the CMB was not used as a reliable tool to look for dark matter until better quality data was gathered in the 1980s and 1990s.
They didn't say it was always the main evidence, just that it now is. I'm not personally sure about that either, but it's definitely one of the major lines of evidence.
The computation of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations hasn't received a nobel prize yet. It's had a deep impact on how we understand the Universe.
Some people still alive who made important contributions to this are Rees and Sunyaev.
There are stringent constraints on anisotropy from the cosmic microwave background.
In particular, one can use the Doppler effect to check whether the CMB dipole is compatible with our velocity with respect to the CMB frame.